feat!: compatibility with matplotlib 3.11

[miloth]

Matplotlib 3.11 reworked the style module, changing the APIs that were used here. This aims at solving that and a bit more:

• Vendor the styles using the docs guidelines:
  • Style files generated in the module root, so they can be imported as "catppuccin.<flavor>".
  • Removed legacy vendoring.
• Removed all the public functions in the catppuccin.extras.matplotlib module. Their functionality can be replicated with a one liner of Matplotlib's APIs. All the examples now use these one liners.
• Removed the assets and their generation. The users can run the example themselves to generate them. They were ~2 MB images, not used anywhere. I think these could pollute the git size if left there.
• Helper file for the codegen moved outside of the module in the repo root, so it is not shipped to Pypi.
• Update tests to cover the cmaps as well.
• Updated cmaps to be colored and not mono.
• Updated palette from upstream.
• Updated dev dependencies.