feat(datasource/npm): integrity and tarball extraction

[matthewnitschke-wk]

Changes

This functionality is a precursor to establishing support for bumping pnpm configDependencies

I've lifted some of the implementation details from #40592, and planning on implementing them as individual PRs for easier review, and improved release notes generation (as per the comment found here: #44171 (review))

Thanks to @huyhua for originally putting that work together

Context

Please select one of the following:

• This closes an existing Issue, Closes: #
• This doesn't close an Issue, but I accept the risk that this PR may be closed if maintainers disagree with its opening or implementation

AI assistance disclosure

Did you use AI tools to create any part of this pull request?

Please select one option and, if yes, briefly describe how AI was used (e.g., code, tests, docs) and which tool(s) you used.

• No — I did not use AI for this contribution.
• Yes — minimal assistance (e.g., IDE autocomplete, small code completions, grammar fixes).
• Yes — substantive assistance (AI-generated non‑trivial portions of code, tests, or documentation).
• Yes — other (please describe):

Documentation (please check one with an [x])

• I have updated the documentation, or
• No documentation update is required

How I've tested my work (please select one)

I have verified these changes via:

• Code inspection only, or
• Newly added/modified unit tests, or
• No unit tests, but ran on a real repository, or
• Both unit tests + ran on a real repository

The public repository:

[matthewnitschke-wk]

I appear to have some unit test failure, I'll take a look at these in a bit